Sequence stratigraphy of a Late Devonian ramp-situated reef system in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: dynamic responses to sea-level change and regressive reef development     

ALEX J. MACNEIL  BRIAN JONES 《Sedimentology》2006,53(2):321-359

The Alexandra Formation, located in the Northwest Territories of Canada, is formed of a Late Devonian (Frasnian) reef system that developed on a gently sloping, epicontinental ramp in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. High‐resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis of its deposits delineates two reef complexes that are separated by a Type I sequence boundary. The second reef complex developed on the outer ramp, basinward of the first, after sea‐level fell ≈17 m. Stratigraphic complexity of the second reef complex was a result of its initiation during forced regression, and its development through an entire cycle of sea‐level rise followed by sea‐level fall. Its highstand systems tract was not characterized by high rates of carbonate production or sediment shedding. Rather, these features took place as sea‐level fell, after its highstand systems tract. The sequence stratigraphic framework of this regressive reef system highlights a number of depositional parameters that differ from high‐relief, shelf‐situated reef systems with steep, narrow margins. These have implications for understanding the controls on the development of ramp‐situated reef systems, and the nature of reef systems with gently sloping profiles. This study demonstrates that the development of stromatoporoid reef systems may be far more complex than generally realized, and that high‐resolution sequence stratigraphy may provide the tools for better understanding of complex, often enigmatic, aspects of these systems.  相似文献   

A sequence stratigraphic model for an intensely bioturbated shallow-marine sandstone: the Bridport Sand Formation, Wessex Basin, UK     

JENNY E. MORRIS  GARY J. HAMPSON  HOWARD D. JOHNSON 《Sedimentology》2006,53(6):1229-1263

The Bridport Sand Formation is an intensely bioturbated sandstone that represents part of a mixed siliciclastic‐carbonate shallow‐marine depositional system. At outcrop and in subsurface cores, conventional facies analysis was combined with ichnofabric analysis to identify facies successions bounded by a hierarchy of key stratigraphic surfaces. The geometry of these surfaces and the lateral relationships between the facies successions that they bound have been constrained locally using 3D seismic data. Facies analysis suggests that the Bridport Sand Formation represents progradation of a low‐energy, siliciclastic shoreface dominated by storm‐event beds reworked by bioturbation. The shoreface sandstones form the upper part of a thick (up to 200 m), steep (2–3°), mud‐dominated slope that extends into the underlying Down Cliff Clay. Clinoform surfaces representing the shoreface‐slope system are grouped into progradational sets. Each set contains clinoform surfaces arranged in a downstepping, offlapping manner that indicates forced‐regressive progradation, which was punctuated by flooding surfaces that are expressed in core and well‐log data. In proximal locations, progradational shoreface sandstones (corresponding to a clinoform set) are truncated by conglomerate lags containing clasts of bored, reworked shoreface sandstones, which are interpreted as marking sequence boundaries. In medial locations, progradational clinoform sets are overlain across an erosion surface by thin (<5 m) bioclastic limestones that record siliciclastic‐sediment starvation during transgression. Near the basin margins, these limestones are locally thick (>10 m) and overlie conglomerate lags at sequence boundaries. Sequence boundaries are thus interpreted as being amalgamated with overlying transgressive surfaces, to form composite erosion surfaces. In distal locations, oolitic ironstones that formed under conditions of extended physical reworking overlie composite sequence boundaries and transgressive surfaces. Over most of the Wessex Basin, clinoform sets (corresponding to high‐frequency sequences) are laterally offset, thus defining a low‐frequency sequence architecture characterized by high net siliciclastic sediment input and low net accommodation. Aggradational stacking of high‐frequency sequences occurs in fault‐bounded depocentres which had higher rates of localized tectonic subsidence.  相似文献   

吉尔嘎朗图凹陷宝饶洼槽下白垩统层序地层与沉积体系     

易定红  石兰亭  曹正林  贾义蓉  李林波 《华东地质学院学报》2006,29(1):22-26

运用高分辨率层序地层学原理和方法,通过对钻井和地震资料的综合分析,在二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷下白垩统中识别出1个超长期基准面旋回(二级层序)SSC1和5个长期基准面旋回(三级层序):LSC1,LSC2,LSC3,LSC4,LSC5,分析了各旋回的发育特征。识别出五种类型的沉积体系:滨浅湖近岸水下扇、较深水湖浊积扇、滨浅湖扇三角洲、滨浅湖辫状河三角洲和河流沉积体系,并在等时地层格架内分析了各基准面旋回的沉积体系构成和储层砂体的发育情况。综合分析生、诸、盖条件后认为,在垂向上,LSC3旋回为本区最有利的储集层段,在平面上,本区的油气勘探应主要寻找宝饶构造带辫状河三角洲前缘砂体,主要储层砂体类型为前缘分流水道砂和前缘席状砂。  相似文献   

基于卡尔曼滤波的时间序列影像背景估计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘飞  张鹏林 《地理空间信息》2005,3(3):12-13

文章将卡尔曼滤波理论应用于时间序列影像的背景估计,引入衰减记忆因子解决滤波的发散问题,最终实现了对背景信号的估计。  相似文献   

黄骅坳陷北大港构造带古近系沙河街组高分辨率层序地层格架及其对储层非均质性的控制   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

范乐元  朱筱敏  宋鹍  朱之春  谢楠 《地层学杂志》2005,29(4):355-361,367

陆相湖盆层序的发育是在湖盆蓄水量周期性变化的条件下实现的。层序发育过程实际上是基准面旋回变化过程中湖泊冲刷沉积作用彼此消长的过程。北大港构造带古近系沙河街组可划分为2个长期基准面旋回、8个中期基准面旋回和43个短期基准面旋回。在等时地层格架内,基于基准面变化过程中的沉积响应及其伴生的可容空间变化的分析,探讨了基准面旋回变化与储层展布及储层非均质性之间的相关关系:基准面旋回的升降变化对储层的非均质性、空间展布以及有利储层的分布等均具有明显的控制作用;短期基准面旋回控制储层砂体内部的非均质模式,中长期基准面旋回控制了储层砂体的层间非均质性特征;在中长期基准面低位处,尤其是在基准面旋回的转换点处,储层发育良好,砂体厚度、展布面积均较大,物性相对较好;而在中长起基准面较高位处,则出现相反的储层特征。  相似文献   

陕西金矿床类型及其找矿方向     

齐文  侯满堂 《陕西地质》2005,23(1):1-10

通过对陕西金矿资源的分析、总结,将陕西金矿成因类型划分为7类14亚类;与金矿有关的成矿系列划分为3个矿床成矿系列组合,7个成矿系列类型,10个成矿系列和4个亚系列;金矿床空间分布严格受隐伏基底和出露基底,隐伏岩体、重磁吻合构造,构造和成矿时代的控制;与金成矿有关的Ⅲ级成矿区(带)有4条,有关的Ⅳ级成矿区(带)有10条,有关的Ⅴ级主要金成矿区(带)有16条;提出了金矿新的找矿方向,为今后本区金矿地质找矿的新突破提供信息.  相似文献   

层序的测井、地震响应特征研究   总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3  

田景春  张翔  聂永生  夏青松  赵强  韦东晓  李强  李国忠  吴琦 《物探化探计算技术》2005,27(4):321-326

在层序地层学研究中,关键是层序划分和对比。而层序划分、对比的关键是层序识别。层序的识别包括层序界面(层序的底界面、初始海泛面和最大海泛面)的识别和构成层序的体系域识别。这里,在众多前人研究成果的基础上,详细研究了层序的测井、地震响应特征,即层序界面和体系域在测井曲线上和地震剖面上的特征。其中,层序底界面在测井上表现为突变的钟型、箱型或侧积式曲线的底界;在地震剖面上表现为剥蚀、顶超、上超、下超;而体系域在测井曲线上的响应为:低水位体系域的海底扇以漏斗形中、高幅的前积式,或钟型中、低幅的后积式模式为特征,陆坡扇成钟型、正向齿形,自下而上幅度由中高幅→低幅,即具后积式测井模式,低水位楔的测井曲线表现为旋回性进积模式特征,其特征表现为锯齿状箱型。海侵体系域的测井曲线呈现向上变细、变深序列,并表现为钟型、正向齿形或齿化状,幅度由高幅变化为低幅,包络线具后积式特征。高水位体系域相应的测井曲线呈现中幅箱形或桶形,不同体系域在地震剖面上的响应特征明显不同。  相似文献   

黄骅坳陷扣村地区古近系沙三段高分辨层序地层分析     

王世军  肖建玲  朱敏  张孟 《新疆地质》2005,23(2):158-163

通过利用钻井、测井、地震等多种资料，以黄骅坳陷扣村地区古近系沙三段为例，详细论述了开展高分辨层序地层分析的研究流程、方法．在四级层序格架确定的基础上，叙述了以一般湖泛面和更小级别的岩性和结构层序单元界面的识别与类型的确定．指出通过露头、岩心、测井曲线和高分辨地震信息，可以确定短期旋回界面与超短期旋回界面．根据工区的特点选取主干剖面，建立高分辨率层序地层网络格架对比剖面，开展长、中、短期基准面旋回的分析、高分辨率层序地层的单砂体展布分析及其沉积微相研究．  相似文献   

陈家庄凸起北坡古近系层序地层特征及沉积体系     

庄博  刘玉琴  张建中 《新疆地质》2005,23(2):164-168

陈家庄凸起北坡发育了多种类型的储集体．根据岩心、钻井和测井资料，以层序地层学理论和方法为指导，从分析、识别层序的主要界面，如层序界面、初始湖泛面、最大湖泛面等入手，对陈家庄凸起北坡古近系层序、准层序和体系域进行了划分．通过钻井层序分析与地震层序解释，在层序地层分析的基础上，对沉积体系进行了研究．指出本区发育的低位域水下扇、低位域复合扇、湖扩展体系域滨岸沉积和高位域三角洲沉积等，是进行岩性油藏勘探的有利目标．  相似文献   

云南思茅盆地二叠纪层序格架与生储盖研究     

牟传龙  谭钦银  余谦 《沉积与特提斯地质》2005,25(3):33-37

根据层序界面的特点、凝缩段的组成,思茅盆地二叠系可分为2个Ⅱ级层序、9个Ⅲ级层序.在此基础上,探讨了层序格架与油气生储盖的关系可分为2个二级层序界面为一构造侵蚀不整合层序界面,是极好的储集场所.此时西部盆地中沉积物已经变质,与生储盖关系不大;而东部地区以开阔碳酸盐台地为主,低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域以形成储集层为主.第2个二级层序由海侵-高位体系域所构成.海侵体系域由龙潭组下部所组成,在普洱西部崖子以西为深水盆地（含斜坡）环境,以东为浅海环境,邻近东部古陆区为滨海环境.无论盆地或浅海,岩性以深灰-灰黑色泥岩为主,生烃性能极好.高位体系域可以分为早期高位体系域和晚期高位体系域.早期高位体系域由龙潭组上部层位组成,西为浅海相砂岩、火山岩等,可作储层;东为滨海平原,下部以深灰、灰黑色泥岩为主,是很好的生油岩,上部以砂岩为主夹火山岩,可作为储集层.晚期高位体系域西部为长兴组灰岩、白云质灰岩、白云岩,可作为储层之用.  相似文献